2012년 3월18일 한국전자통신연구원 책임연구원/공학박사 조영조
체코의 극작가 카렐 차펙은 1920년 “로썸의 유니버설 로봇(R.U.R.: Rossum’s Universal Robot)”이란 그의 희곡에서 등장하는 사람을 대신해 노동하는 인조인간을 가리켜 ‘로봇’이라 불렀다. 이는 체코어로 강요된 노동을 뜻하는 ‘로보타(robota)’라는 단어에서 유래한 것으로, 지금까지 인간을 대신한 기계 장치를 일컫는 말로 굳어졌다. 1921년 최초로 공연된 R.U.R.의 연극무대에 등장한 로봇은 실제로 로봇이 아닌 인조인간으로 분장한 사람이었다. 그로부터 약 90년이 지난 지금 로봇이 자신이 태어난 연극무대로 되돌아가고 있다.
지난 3월 10일과 11일 이틀간 인천종합문화예술회관에서는 로봇들만 등장하는 서바이벌 경연형식의 연극 “나는 로봇이다“가 어린이들을 대상으로 공연되었다. 먼 미래 고도의 과학문명을 가진 외계에서 지구로 온 로봇들이 대체 에너지를 얻기 위해 각자의 장기를 겨룬다는 스토리의 이 공연에는 고유한 특징을 가진 다섯 종류의 로봇이 등장한다.
먼저 섬세한 동작과 표정 연출이 가능한 안드로이드 로봇 ‘아리’와 이동하는 인간형 로봇 ‘세로피’가 등장하여 콩트와 뮤지컬을 보여주는데, 이 두 로봇은 이전에 몇 개의 연극 무대에 등장하여 사람과 같이 협연한 바 있다. 두 눈에 LED 스크린을 넣고 눈꺼풀을 씌워 눈 표정 연기가 일품인 인간형 로봇 ‘로보데스페리안’은 2대가 나와서 절망적인 상황에서 용기를 찾아가는 과정을 감동적인 연기로 보여준다. 아울러, 드럼 로봇과 뮤직로봇 캐릭터도 등장하여 환상적인 뮤직 콘서트를 보여주는 등 첨단 로봇들을 통해 다양한 볼거리를 제공해 주고 있다.
로봇이 최초로 연극무대에 배우로 등장한 것은 2008년 일본 오사카 대학에서 공연된 ‘하타라쿠 와타시(일하는 나)’라는 작품이었다고 알려져 있다. 여기에 나오는 로봇은 미쓰비시 중공업에서 만든 바퀴 달린 1미터 키의 인간형 로봇 ‘와카마루’였는데, 무대 위를 돌아다니며 여배우와 대화를 나누는 역할이었으나 공연시간은 20분밖에 되지 않았다. 2004년에 필자가 참가했던 일본 기타큐슈에서의 로봇전시회에서는 혼다의 두 발 달린 인간형 로봇 ‘아시모’와 배우 두 명이 나와 연극 형식으로 아시모의 성능을 보여주는 공연을 보여준 바 있었는데, 로봇이 소품처럼 등장하였지만 로봇 연극의 모티브가 되었음 직하였다.
로봇이 배우로서 좀 더 인정을 받기 위해서는 움직이며 말하는 것 말고 연기가 가능해야 하는데, 이런 면에서 인간의 외모를 닮은 안드로이드 로봇이 적합해 보인다. 최초의 안드로이드 로봇은 일본 오사카 대학에서 만든 ‘리플리’였지만, 연극무대에 최초로 등장한 안드로이드 로봇은 생산기술연구원에서 만든 ‘에버’였으며 얼굴 표정을 위해 내부에 23개의 모터를 구동시켰다. 첫 무대는 2009년 2월 국립극장 달오름에서 공연된 “에버가 기가막혀”라는 판소리 극이었고, “엄마와 함께 하는 국악 보따리”를 거쳐 “로봇 공주와 일곱 난쟁이”에서는 주연으로 등장하기까지 하였다. 이후 성능을 더욱 개선하여 ‘아리’란 이름으로 이번에 “나는 로봇이다”에 출연하게 되었던 것이다. 일본 오사카 대학의 안드로이드 로봇 ‘제미노이드’는 2010년 말 “사요나라(안녕)”이란 연극에서 몸 아픈 여성의 간호 로봇으로 등장해 책을 읽어주는 역할을 한 바 있다.
로봇은 애초에 인간의 고된 일들을 대신해 주는 기계로 사용되었으나, 지능과 감각 및 표현 기술들이 발전하면서 인간과 공생하면서 도움을 주는 다양한 분야에 활용되고 있다. 그러니 인간의 삶을 표현하는 문화 예술 분야에 인간과 공생하는 로봇이 들어가기 시작하는 것은 어쩌면 자연스러운 일이 아닐 수 없다. 사람을 닮아 사람과 함께 살아가는 로봇이 문화 예술과 과학 기술의 경계에서 통섭의 중재자로 나서고 있는 것이다.
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