2011년 10월28일 한국전자통신연구원 책임연구원/공학박사 조영조
지난 10월20일 42년간 철권통치를 휘둘렀던 리비아의 독재자 무아마르 카타피가 자신의 고향 시르테에서 최후를 맞이하였다. 미 중앙정보국과 영국 해외정보국은 음성인식 기술을 통하여 카다피가 사용한 위성전화의 위치를 추적하여 왔고, 리비아 시르테에서 움직이는 100여대의 호송차량 무리 중에 가타피가 섞여 있을 가능성이 있음을 확인하였다. 이 정보에 따라 미군은 지중해 시칠리아에서 무인항공기를 출격시키고 대전차 미사일을 발사해 차량 행렬을 공격했고, 황급히 뛰쳐나온 카다피와 친위대원들이 시민군들에게 발각되면서 독재정권은 최후를 맞이하게 된 것이다. 이 무인기는 미국 네바다주 라스베이거스 외곽 공군기지에서 위성을 통해 통제되고 있었다. 전화를 통한 음성인식과 무인항공기 원격조정과 같은 첨단의 정보통신 기술이 독재자를 굴복시켜 마침내 독재정권을 무너뜨린 것이다.
1952년 미국 AT&T 벨연구소 숫자 인식기 개발로 시작된 음성인식 기술은 2000년대 초 휴대폰과 자동화 장치 등에 적용되었으나 낮은 인식률로 대중적으로 잘 보급되지 않았다. 그러나 최근 정보통신 소프트웨어 빅3 업체인 구글, 애플, 마이크로소프트가 음성기술 업체의 인수와 제휴를 통해 기술을 확보하고 제품 서비스에 활발히 적용하면서 기술 수요가 급격히 늘어나고 있다. 특히, 구글의 경우 성별, 연령별, 지역별로 구분한 수천억 개의 단어를 음성 데이터로 저장하고 활용하여 스마트폰에서의 음성 인식률을 95%이상 획기적으로 높인 바 있으며, 점차 다양한 분야로 활용영역을 높여가고 있다. 이번 카다피 추적에 사용된 음성인식 기술은 말하는 사람의 음성으로 신원을 파악하는 음성보안 기술로서 군사보안 분야뿐만 아니라 공공기관 출입 관리나 금융에서의 신원 인증에 유용하게 활용될 수 있다.
‘드론(drone)’이라 부르는 무인항공기(UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)는 연구 및 제조의 70% 이상이 미국에서 이루어지고 있다. 미국 국방부는 10년 전 50대 미만이던 드론을 현재 7000여대까지 늘려 보유하고 있고, 2012년 드론의 추가배치를 위하여 의회에 5억 달러를 신청해 놓고 있다 한다. 이번에 투입된 드론은 포식자라는 무시무시한 뜻을 가진 <프레데터(predator) MQ-9> 기종으로서 최대시속 480km과 최대항속시간 36시간을 자랑하고 미사일이나 폭탄 1.7톤을 무장할 수 있다. 특히, 미국 내 군사기지에서 군사위성을 통해 원격 조종하는 것이 가능해서 이번 리비아 시르테에서와 같이 군사를 전장에 보내지 않고도 훌륭히 작전을 수행해 낼 수 있는 것이다.
이렇듯 무인항공기가 국방 분야에서 해결사로서 자리를 잡아가면서 세계 각국은 무인항공기의 개발에 열을 올리고 있어 새로운 군비경쟁의 촉발에 대한 우려의 목소리도 들려온다. 그러나 무인항공기 기술은 군사 목적 이외에 과학 탐사나 통신 중계 또는 환경 감시 같은 평화적인 목적에 활용하려는 연구도 진행 중에 있어 국가 지도자들이 첨단 기술의 활용 방향만 잘 잡아준다면 그리 걱정하지 않아도 좋은 사안일 것이라는 생각이다. 더구나, 이번 리비아의 경우처럼 군사적 대결을 부추기는 테러리스트나 독재자들에 대한 제재 수단으로 활용된다면 인류의 복지에 기여하는 바가 더욱 클 것이다.
현재 남아있는 독재자들은 정보통신 기술의 발달이 자신의 권좌와 심지어는 목숨까지 위협하고 있다는 생각에 잠을 설치고 있을 것이다. 독재정권의 연이은 붕괴와 같은 외부 환경 변화의 정보를 숨기려고 인터넷과 휴대폰과 같은 정보통신 기술의 확산을 막으려고 애쓰는 모습이 애처롭기만 하다. 독재정권을 무너뜨리는 정보통신 기술이 정보단말기에만 있는 것도 아닌데. 카다피가 당한 음성인식 기술과 무인항공기의 원격조정 기술도 있고 또 다른 첨단 정보통신 기술이 언젠가는 자신을 덮칠 것이라는 사실을 아직도 모르고 있는 듯하다.
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